PPT On Floating Airport

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Floating Airport Presentation Transcript: 
1.Floating  Airport

2. Is an airport built and situated on a very large floating structure (VLFS).
1930 The first discussion of a floating airport was for
trans-Atlantic flights.
1935 :Bleriot  suggested
Seadromes solution to economical trans-Atlantic passenger flights
As the population increases and land becomes more expensive  floating airports could help solve land use.
pollution and aircraft noise issues and reduce risks of aircraft crashes to the land-locked population

3.Kansai International Airport
Is an international airport located on an artificial island in the middle of Osaka Bay, 38 km southwest of Osaka Station, located within three municipalities, including Izumisano (north), Sennan (south), and Tajiri (central), in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The airport is off the Honshu shore.
 The airport serves as an international hub for All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, and Nippon Cargo Airlines, and also serves as a hub for Peach, the first international low-cost carrier
in Japan.

4.History
In the 1960s, when the Kansai region was rapidly losing trade to Tokyo, planners proposed a new airport near Kobe and Osaka.
 Osaka International Airport, located in the densely populated suburbs of Itami and Toyonaka, was surrounded by buildings; it could not be expanded, and many of its neighbors had filed complaints because of noise pollution problems.
 Planners decided to build the airport offshore. The new airport was part of a number of new developments to revitalize Osaka, which had lost economic and cultural ground to Tokyo for most of the century.
 Initially, the airport was planned to be built near Kobe, but the city of Kobe refused the plan, so the airport was moved to a more southerly location on Osaka Bay. There, it could be open 24 hours per day, unlike its predecessor in the city.

5.Key Features
Located on a biggest artificial (man-made) island (4 X 2.5 km )in Osaka Bay in Japan
 Project Started in 1986
 Opened for flights  in September 1994
Constructed cost over $20 billion
 On 19 April 2001  the ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) named KIA the #2 civil engineering project of the 20th century, second only to the Panama Canal

6.Construction
A man-made island, 4 km  long and 2.5 km  wide, was proposed. Engineers needed to overcome the extremely high risks of earthquakes and typhoons (with storm surges of up to 3 m (10 ft)).
 Construction started in 1987. The sea wall was finished in 1989 (made of rock and 48,000  concrete blocks).

7.
10,000 workers and 10 million work hours over three years, using eighty ships, were needed to complete the 30-metre layer of earth over the sea floor and inside the sea wall.
  The island had been predicted to sink 5.7 m  by the most optimistic estimate as the weight of the material used for construction compressed the seabed silts. However, the island had sunk 8.2 m (27 ft) - much more than predicted.
The project became the most expensive civil works project in modern history after twenty years of planning, three years of construction and several billion dollars of investment. The lessons of Kansai Airport were also applied in the construction of Hong Kong International Airport.

8.  In 1995, Japan was struck by the Kobe earthquake, whose center was about 20 km away from KIA and killed 6,434 people on Japan's main island of Honshu.
Due to its earthquake engineering, the airport emerged unscathed, mostly due to the use of sliding joints. Even the glass in the windows remained intact. Later, in 1998, the airport survived a typhoon with wind speeds of up to 200 km/h (120 mph).

9.Expansion
Thus, in 2003, believing that the sinking problem was almost over, the airport operators started to construct a 4,000 m (13,000 ft) second runway and terminal.
The second runway opened on 2 August 2007, but without the originally planned terminal portion postponed. This lowered the project cost to US$8 billion).
It has expanded the airport size to 10.5 km2. The new runway is used for landings and when there are incidents prohibiting take off use of runway A.
A new terminal building opened in late 2012.There are additional plans for several new aprons, a third runway (06C/24C) with a length of 3,500 m (11,483 ft), a new cargo terminal and expanding the airport size to 13 km2 (5.0 sq mi). However, the Japanese government is postponing these plans for economic reasons.

10.Access Information
The most practical means of getting to Osaka and Kyoto is by train. You have a choice of two companies:
JR Haruka : The JR West Haruka limited expresses run from the airport to Tennoji (29 min, ¥1,760).
JR Rapid Service : Low cost train service to reach Tennoji  it takes (43 min, ¥1,030) All seats are non-reserved and trains depart every 20 minutes; the trains can get crowded at rush hour.
Airport Limousine buses  leave for various destinations throughout Kansai from the 1st floor directly outside the arrivals hall. The cost is comparable to or slightly higher than the train, It can be faster than the train for some destinations such as Kobe (60 minutes, ¥1,800) in good traffic.

11.The main KIA passenger Terminal l is a single four-story building designed by Renzo Piano Building Workshop (Renzo Piano and Noriaki Okabe) .
 It has a gross floor space of 296,043 square meters.
It is the longest airport terminal in the world, at a total length of 1.7 km.
It has a sophisticated people mover system called the Wing Shuttle, which     moves passengers from one end of the pier to the other.
The terminal's roof is shaped like an airfoil. This shape is used to promote air circulation through the building: giant air conditioning ducts blow air upwards at one side of the terminal, circulate the air across the curvature of the ceiling, and collect the air through intakes at the other side. Mobiles are suspended in the ticketing hall to take advantage of the flowing air.

12.Terminal 2
Terminal 2 is a low-cost carrier (LCC) terminal designed to attract more LCCs by providing lower landing fees than terminal 1.
 Similar to Singapore's Changi International Airport's low cost terminal, the terminal is basic and currently serves only Japan's Peach Air.
 Currently this terminal is not directly accessible by train. A free shuttle bus transports passengers from Kansai International Airport's train station to Terminal 2.

13.References
The official website of KIA
http://www.kansai-airport.or.jp/en/index.asp
 Wikipedia ,The Free Encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansai_International_Airport#cite_note-Nikko-4
 Wiki Travel
http://wikitravel.org/en/Kansai_International_Airport
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ffhkko4i4Uc